VISIT TO SENEGAL
June 1st to 5th,
2012
We hired Lamin Gaye as our
driver. He has taken other VSO
volunteers to Senegal and
speaks Woloof, one of the local languages common in The Gambia and Senegal. His
car is big and sturdy.
The road trip to/from was quite
rough. A lot of the road is in poor condition. Lamin was skilled at
spotting the many hazards and taking evasive action to protect his car and
passengers.
We started early from Brikama
in order to catch the first ferry at 7:00 a.m.
Lamin had transferred the car to the north bank at Barra the night
before. Otherwise, we would have had to wait many hours for a space for the car
on the ferry. The Banjul/Barra ferry is
unbelievably slow. If it were any slower, it wouldn’t be moving at all. Only
one of the four engines functions. Getting on and off is truly an experience,
all the crowding and shoving. Watch for pick pockets!
Another aspect of our trip to Dakar: We went eight
hours without the use of a bathroom. Somehow, the body adapts. It
was so hot (the car has no air-conditioning.) We had to watch our fluid
intake to avoid dehydration.
It took Lamin an hour at the border to deal with his papers, associated with
taking an automobile into Senegal.
Meanwhile, we, waiting in the car, were under siege, as you can only imagine,
with little urchins wanting money or to sell us nuts, fruit, cakes, water. Our
formalities were also like nothing we have seen at any other border.
First we went to the Gambian police, who copied all of our passport information
into a big bound ledger book with many columns. Then we went to the Gambian
immigration police who did the same in another set of books. Each added stamps
to our passports. I can't imagine what use those books would ever have?
But there they are. And once the books are full, what happens to them? If
any one wanted to know about our crossing the border, what would they do?
How would they find the information unless they already knew when and where we
crossed? On the Senegal
side, they also keep a book and write everything, row by row. But Senegal is more
streamlined. They only have one book and one police.
The ride to Dakar
is through flat, dry, desert-like countryside dotted with small villages. Closer to Dakar, we passed salt production flats. We arrived late afternoon. Dakar
reminded me of Buenos Aires
in one respect. There are some modern, impressive buildings and workers
in suits and ties. There are also people living on the street, as in Argentina.
From our hotel window, we saw, each night, directly across from the hotel, a
family set up pieces of cardboard, supported by benches and stools, and spread
out thin mattresses and blankets for the night. That's where they live.
In the morning, they got their kids up, made breakfast, and put all the pieces
away again. Up and down the street others were sleeping on the sidewalk.
The hustlers (bumsters) were very thick. Somehow, they knew to speak
English to us. Same stories, same strategies, very persistent. We felt
like glue paper, and they were the flies. Coming back from a performance,
it was more than hustlers. They had their hands on me and had my bag open, but
didn't get anything. It started as an offer, so friendly, to sell a
shirt, but the shirt was like the newspaper used by the gypsy children in Rome. I knew to be
vigilant (grab my wallet before they did) and with Ilana's help, we managed to
escape the situation. Shopping in the market is a difficult experience. The sellers in the street or shops come over
to you and do not leave you alone. They
are very persistent and stubbornly unwilling to hear no.
We visited Dakar
at an auspicious time. The Biennial Arts Festival was underway. There was
so much to do and so much to see. We went to many galleries and saw the work of
many artists. We were fortunate that the National Ballet of Senegal was
performing on June 2nd at Dakar's
Institute Français. The Institute is like Alliance Française in the Kombos,
The Gambia but much bigger. It is a very nice place, with a lovely restaurant,
exhibition spaces and outdoor performance space. It was a short walk from our hotel. We went
there for dinner - it has s a wonderful French restaurant, and then the show.
'Ballet' may be a bit misleading. This is modern dance with a strong West
African orientation. (When we see an ad for this company’s tour in the US, we will
surely go again.) It was excellent. The dancers were very well trained
and the production was exciting: The drumming, the costumes, the dancing, the
singing, acrobatics, and clowning (One fellow seemed to mimic Arlecchino of the
Commedia dell’Arte). It was so rich, affecting all senses at once and difficult
to absorb it all. We had not had a chance to witness much artistic life in The
Gambia during our short stay here. We are so glad we went to Senegal and were able to find a bit of what is
happening in West Africa. Senegal seems to be a source for innovation in
the arts that is constantly carrying over and influencing culture in the US,
particularly for the African American community.
The Artists’ Village is a government institution that provides living space,
studio facilities, and an exhibition space for Senegalese artists. While
in the gallery, we connected with an Italian economist, who dabbles with
abstract art. He had a couple of pieces in the show. He took us around to
introduce us to some of the Village’s artists. Most speak English and exhibit
in the US.
When needed, however, he provided translation because he speaks Italian,
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and some Arabic. Ilana bought a simple,
small painting from one of the artists we met.
The Ille Gorée is the original European (Dutch were the first) outpost. The ferry
to the island was relatively new, fast and comfortable with enough seats for
everyone. We waited for the ferry at a
modern ferry building with seats and an orderly queue, all so unlike the ferry
passage in Banjul. There is slave house on the island, which
most tourists visit. In reality not many slaves passed through the island. We
eschewed a guide and decided to wander around the island on our own. There are
small, curvy streets, where the buildings are painted with pastel colors, like
in Italy.
There are colorful, blooming, climbing, and potted plants. The buildings are ancient. Some are
collapsing. Many need repairs. A few have been restored. Views of the
water surrounding the island appear here and there through some passageways,
windows or garden plots.
We found some artists in their
studios and conversed with them. While walking up the path up to the castle, we
met a Haitian American woman. (There are no vehicles on the island. It is
therefore completely pedestrian friendly.) We started talking. (Her
name is Fania Simon.) She told us that she is a writer. She came to Senegal for a
visit and ended up living with a family in a compound on the island at the very
top, in the ruins of the castle. She has been on her extended visit for
two years now. She has published 20 books. She gave us one of her
books of poetry. We walked up to the compound and stayed as long as we could
and still make it back to the mainland on the ferry. Here is an African
American who has lived in Senegal
for two years on this historic island. Well, she has learned a lot and we
were very curious to hear what she had to say. We talked a lot about the
status of women in Senegal
(very bad, she said) and exploitation of children (shocking - think Oliver
Twist and worse.) In a way it was a tour of Dakar from a social and economic stand point.
We talked about massive levels of injustice and the complexities of even
understanding it, certainly not knowing how to deal with it.
(Below is a Google English translation from French of information about the
exploitation of children in Senegal.
(
www.actionsenegal.be) Fania (the
woman we met), gave us a hard copy of the booklet referred to in the material
below. (I have included this information in case you want to learn more. It is
at the end so take as much as you want.)
With our last ounce of energy we went to Marché des HLM fabric market. This
market probably has more fabrics and artisans that all of what exists in The
Gambia combined. I said to myself, I can't believe I am here experiencing this.
It was such a jumble and crush of humanity, sewing machines whirring, and
stacks of endless amounts of batiks, and fabrics with enthusiastic sellers
promising great (the best) prices. I am not sure we did so well on the
price. We were too worn out to do battle.
We bought a piece of Moroccan jewelry from a Moroccan shop near the hotel that
is referred to as the street of the Moroccans. I offered half the quoted
price. They accepted immediately. I should have offered one third, as
I have previously. You offer one third and then go up a bit. They
accepted half, saying it was Friday. Even at half, the cost was a fraction of
what one would pay in the US.
So we paid a bit more. It is a nice piece, which is the most important in
the long run.
The Lac Rose (the Pink Lake,) is where workers from Guinea Bissau and Mali mine salt from the bottom of the lake
(Senegalese don't do the work, it is too hard. The foreigners do it -
they are migrant labor and get the toughest work and are paid the least.)
The lake is pink, hence the name. The men go by canoes to the shallowest parts
of the lake and, standing in the water, hack the salt from the bottom and load
it onto the canoe. When the canoe is
full, they pole it to shore. The women carry the salt on their heads in buckets
and dump it on large piles sorted by the quality of the salt. Some of the salt is of high quality, purely
pinkish, white, and is sold directly to buyers. The poor quality salt is sold
to a factory nearby for processing. We hired a boat and crossed the lake to get
a close look at the process. Afterwards we had a lunch at an outdoor restaurant
over looking the pink lake. It was so scenic, romantic, and peaceful.
Lamin, our driver lost the way
on the way to the lake. There is so much construction going on in Senegal that the
roads and the scene are constantly changing, so he became disoriented. He
speaks Woloof, so he was able to ask directions, but many don't know their way
themselves, so the information can be very wrong. We did arrive, but on
the way, saw a behind the scenes look at the emergence of new neighborhoods.
All of this was interesting to our eyes, coming from The Gambia where the
situation is not the same. Around Dakar we saw many modern
apartment buildings, while other apartments are in the process of being
constructed. This means that the country
is also developing modern infrastructure and utilities for those apartments
(electricity, water, sewage,) while in The Gambia we tend to see construction
of more traditional compounds, often with less amenities.
On the way back to The Gambia, we spent a half a half day at the Bandia Nature
Reserve. This is a safari park. We rode on a vehicle built for viewing animals
and had a guide. The cost is a bit stiff, but it is worth it if you like to see
animals in their habitat, up close. We saw giraffes, impalas, antelopes,
wart hogs, crocodiles, hyenas, zebras, buffalo, many monkeys, many birds, and
others I am not remembering. The rhinos didn't show themselves.
They are the highlight. We saw plenty of their excrement, but not the
individuals who left it.
The ferry ride back to Banjul was very difficult
because all but one of the ferries were broken down. The one that showed
up had only one engine running. It took a long time for the ferry to arrive and
of course all the waiting multitude were anxious to board before the gate
closed, though no one seems to pay much attention to capacity limits, life
preservers, or life boats. One trusts to ones fate, I guess. We sat next to a
member of the Ministry of Agriculture (NARI, in fact) who is a soil
surveyor. He studied at the University
of Illinois. Since
the crossing took so long, I received a thorough briefing on Gambian soils,
problems in agricultural development here, and certain other issues relating to
NARI. He works at Yundum, which is 10 km from Brikama. It is NARI's
western station, a counterpart to Sapu in the east. His driver and Lamin were
both stranded in Barra on the northern side of the river. They had to sleep
overnight to wait to bring their vehicles back to Banjul some time the next day.
Attachment: About Action Senegal projects related to
exploited children (online translation of brochure in French)
In recent years, the Action Senegal Association has been active in the bush and
in the Sahel in Senegal for partnership projects, funding, among other initiatives,
in consultation with local authorities: Building wells, plantations, classrooms
, clinics ... It is through these
actions in the bush, talking with the local residents, I discovered the problem
of children in care of marabouts of Senegal
who are false. True marabouts, teach talibé children attending religious
classes in real Koranic schools subsidized by the state. But false marabouts enslave
children in daaras that are illegal. The
lives of these enslaved children of false marabouts ('martyrs') caught my
attention and curiosity. Wanting
to check carefully all the information received from people in the bush, I walked
through the doors of illegal daaras to see what was really happening and I
discovered the horror. With the
help of an educator on a mission to Senegal,
we began a census of the number of illegal daaras in the slums of St. Louis, the number of children in each marabout’s daara,
in each region of Senegal.
I realized that the problem was very serious because it concerns tens of
thousands of children. Shocked to
have seen children abused and whipped, on my return I talked to friends and journalists.
Television Walloon Picardy
"Notélé" went onsite and directed his first documentary "The
white tornado in Black Africa". Then
two other reports were made: "In
the heat of a village in the Sahel" and
"descent into hell of talibés". Following the reports of Notélé,
we found we could educate those around us.
We wanted to act in three phases.
1st Phase:
An ambitious project: building a shelter for 13,000 children from marabouts’
daaras and children in difficult circumstances of Sor Pikine (St Louis).
This
facility opened November 6, 2009.
Every
day, many children, aged 3-15 years attended. A team of volunteers are working
in Senegal (Institutrices - doctor - health care assistant - responsible for
carpentry / sewing / craft ...) The children learn to read, compute, and to
play too, as do many other children in the world.
They are fed, they can rest, sleep
safely!
The oldest are just
starting their professional training.
Without this place, a home, these children are in the street, begging all
day and even at night, for an alleged 'marabout', a disbeliever unworthy to
bear that respected and respectable title.
These
children spend all their youth to be talibés martyrs!
This shameful reality we opposed!
These false marabouts exploit
gullibility and family poverty. They make them believe that their children will
be properly educated in the big city so they can acquire work that will ensure
their future and that of their families in the village.
But the reality is different: In miserable
daaras, without any comfort or hygiene, they are obliged to recite the Koran
for hours in a language they do not understand, then walk the sidewalks,
begging for the sole benefit of these so-called 'marabouts' and cronies.
The child who does not return enough
money to feed their greed is beaten, tortured, starved, and chained like the
slave he has become. During the trips, we often met the real marabouts, anxious
to provide a good religious and general education for their students, within
respectable Koranic schools. Confusion between true Islamic schools and illegal
daaras is common. Many political, religious, and social groups with whom we
have shared our outrage are in support of our cause.
Thus, very quickly awareness of the
urgent need to denounce these atrocities on these (very!) young, defenseless
children has become widespread! Awareness of the plight that enslaved talibés children
who live every day and every night that goes by in misery is our priority. No
one can say: “I did not know.” Warn ignorant families, inform young people themselves
through education in schools educate and empower all responsible authorities
(both religious and political) are all goals that we want to achieve.
2nd Phase:
Production of books and Kamishibaïs by Daniel Barbez for advocacy
work in the bush
Daniel Barbez created a portable communications tool: the Kamishibaï
(Japanese theater) to educate the illiterate population in the bush against
sending children to marabouts in major cities. He explains that it is possible
to study religion and vocational training not far from home. He warns that
there are false and true marabouts.
3rd phase
Publish a book of photos and a DVD. It seemed most appropriate to introduce
this hard reality not always easy to confront by publishing a book. The book
documents through research the correlation between items in the Declarations of
the Rights of the Child, the verses of the Koran, and the Code Noir of Louis
XIV on slavery.
(
July 31, 1990, under the
administration of President Abdou Diouf, Senegal ratified, like many countries
in the world, the Declaration of Rights of the Child (DDE). This text was
presented by the United Nations in November 1959. A second text followed: the
International Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in 1989 .)
I certify that all the pictures in the book are authentic: They are real and
not fake; they were taken in Senegal
during visits to daaras and centers for child talibés.
By the widest dissemination of these
photos to religious and political leaders, we believe that the creation of
effective laws may regulate the establishment and operation of these daaras,
infamous for the sole benefit of greedy miscreants who hide under the false
name of 'marabout'.
Hence we
provide the Koran readings and references to various verses.
I actually read the 600 pages of the
Koran to make reference in the book to some verses which clearly show that the
Muslim religion does not tolerate this kind of practice to these young
children.
A second priority is to
legally stop the influx of children from neighboring countries and bush
villages.
Then, with the support
and vigilance of everyone, including local religious authorities, it is
possible to establish effective supervision in neighborhoods to remove
permanently the reality of talibés martyrs.
Finally,
the establishment of legitimate schools is the most direct route to the
harmonious education of these children.
You can find this book 'Child talibés, child slaves'. If each of you to
discover ten other people, which in turn will introduce to another ten, which
in turn ...
Then, one day, the child
talibés can, thanks to you, break their chains!
And live free, like all children of
the world.
ooo The views are my own ooo
